The Front Porch
The great Polish poet Czesław Miłosz, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature back when such prizes were awarded for actual literary merit, was the first artist to publicly defect from a Communist bloc country after World War II. By then, the horrors of Nazi death camps and Stalinist gulags were known to whoever cared to see them. Books like Arthur Koestler’s Darkness at Noon, Jan Valtin’s Out of the Night, and Whittaker Chambers’s Witness made it clear that Stalin was every bit as much of a monster as Hitler. What Miłosz exposed in his 1953 book The Captive Mind was something else: How totalitarian thought defaced the insides of people’s heads, particularly the heads of artists and intellectuals who agreed, out of cowardice, cynicism, or belief, to serve the Party rather than their own perceptions of reality. Ordinary people, Miłosz wrote, dealt with the false assertions, destructive and amoral premises, and distorted perceptions urged on them by Party thought by outwardly …